Keys to All Exercises

Punctuation
17.1
1. Even though she was a great artist, Frieda remained in the shadow of her husband for a long time.
2. I have always enjoyed driving up the coast of California, so we will leave for Big Sur on Saturday.
3. Alberto opened his first restaurant in San Diego in 1987, with only $300.
4. Ringo, on the other hand, greatly admired Beethoven.
5. Tomorrow Oedipus intends to go to foot doctor, talk to the Sphinx eat lunch with his wife, and ponder his fate.
6. The salesperson’s considerate, kind attention impressed Mr. Gutierrez.
7. The melodious, soothing sound of the flute helped Favio to relax.
8. Tony Soprano wanted the pasta dish yet feared that it was poisoned. (correct)
9. Craig’s mother, who doubted he could swim very well, asked him to be careful.
10. Sunday, June 4, 1994, was an important day in Jose’s life.

18.1
1. Dizzy picked up his trumpet; then he blew a scorching version of “Salt Peanuts.”
2. Describe one of the following characters: Hamlet, Captain Ahab, Emma, Reseanne, Joan of Arc, Holden Caulfield or Iago.
3. The elves enjoyed the shade of the mushroom; however, they lamented the lack of dew.
4. Here is what the refugee carried the novel Heart of Darkness; the poem Patterns, the candy bar Baby Ruth.
5. Raul was unable to solve the puzzle; therefore, he sent for a book of hints.
6. You take the easy path; then you will worry about the road not taken forever.
7. Mabel desperately wanted to visit her favorite aunt, who lived in Denver, Colorado; to spend some days gambling in Deadwood, South Dakota; and to tour Graceland, where Elvis had lived.
8. correct
9. The artist kept painting melted watches; meanwhile, his friends told him that his paintings would never sell.
10. In “Why I Won’t Buy My Sons Toy Guns,” Robert Shaffer makes an interesting point: “Any toy is a teacher.”

19.1
1. That is Barry’s baseball glove; he won’t mind if you use it.
2. Do you think Charles’ woman friends will marry him?
3. Mel Gibson’s portrayal of Hamlet was lively, but I’ve seen it better.
4. In twenty-four hours time, Oedipus found out that he had killed his father and married his mother.
5. People thought that Bridget’s monologue on roadkill wasn’t in good taste.
6. It’s customary for the female black widow spider to kill its mate.
7. You’re also aware, I’m sure, that the female praying mantis bites off the head of her mate and eats it.
8. The children’s bicycles shouldn’t have been left out in the rain.
9. I don’t want to hear anyone’s excuses after the game.
10. My mother-in-law’s visits to her five relatives’ homes were a pleasant surprise.
11. The dog could not find shelter, and its puppies’ cries were beginning to grow louder.
12. Hasn’t the McDonalds’ house been painted yet?
13. Carla’s mistake cost Woody three days’ pay.
14. The women’s department in Sears wasn’t open yesterday.
15. A week’s vacation in the Bahamas had nearly erased the worry lines from my brother’s face.


20.1
1. Hal said, “Squid tentacles are my favorite snacks.”
2. “Will you get the tickets for the concert?” asked Georgette.
3. Icarus said that “he would fly low.”
4. Christopher Dickey opens his article with the following statement: “In the long and bloody reign of Saddam Hussein,” only one Iraqi opposition group has ever really scared him.
5. Did Bob Dylan really sing “Moon River”?
6. “Dive, dive!” yelled the captain of the submarine.
7. correct
8. “Biff, I wish you would stop calling me Happy,” he said.
9. Did the Cyclops actually believe him when he said, “My name is No Man”?
10. correct
11. Camilla said, “I am going to write a short story about an aardvark in Ireland”; afterwards, she changed her mind.
12. “Is this a knife I see before my eyes?” asked the actor.
13. Star Trek fans used to say, “Beam me up, Scotty.”
14. correct
15. “Send in the clowns,” sang the frustrated coach.

21.1
1. Holly Hunter won an Academy Award for the film The Piano (斜體) even though she spoke only in the last scene.
2. The character of Edger in the play King Lear (斜體) and character of Iago in play Othello are two of Shakespeare’s worst villains.
3. Three hundred and seventy five cats were believed to have been killed in the city of Pompeii when Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D.
4. The Principal of Imperial Valley High School canceled classes when the temperature reached 100 degrees.
5. Yesterday, the Houston Rockets beat the New York Knicks 86 to 84.
6. When the Japanese fishing boat was attached by a whale, 7 sailors were seriously injured.
7. My fine was $3.75 when I returned the book The Hero with a Thousand Faces (斜體) to the library.
8. Before he closed up, Amador ordered 2 new computers, 150 reams of paper, 90 gallons of ink, and 200 boxes of staples and paper clips for his copy shop.
9. Brent likes to listen to the radio program Fresh Air (斜體) on National Public Radio.
10. One of my favorite essays, entitled “Smoking Ads: A matter of Life,” is written by Ellen Goodman, a syndicated columnist whose work appears in may newspapers, including the Kansas City Star (斜體).
11. On their album Kiko (斜體), the band Los Lobos included a song called “Arizona Skies.”
12. The works of many great mystery writers, including P. D. James, appear on the television show Mystery (斜體).
13. A psychologist, Dr. John Gavion, claims that as many as 50 percent of the homeless people are Vietnam veterans.
14. Andre took notes as Professor Guerra talked about South American art in his Hispanic studies 120 class.
15. All thirty of the students were able to recognize the painting Madonna and Child (斜體) by Fra Lippo Lippi.


Editing Skills
9.1
Note:
Main clauses (MC) can exist independently.
Subordinate clauses (SM) cannot exist independently, but they still contain a subject and a verb.
1.MC 2.N 3.MC 4.SC 5.MC
6.N 7.MC 8.SC 9.N 10.MC
11.SC 12.SC 13.MC 14.MC 15.SC
16.N 17.SC 18.MC 19.MC 20.MC

9.2
1.SC 2.RP 3.SC 4.CA 5.CC
6.CC 7.CA 8.CC 9.SC 10.CC

10.1
1. Penelope worked on her weaving everyday, thinking about Odysseus.
2. The dog had been barking all night long.
3. After visiting the dentist, Zelda stopped at the ice cream store for ate two hot fudge sundaes and a banana split.
4. Take off your shoes, so that we can check the explosives. (so that = in order that)
5. He visited his cousin in France, where he had spent all of his childhood to visit his cousins.
6. correct
7. Andrea did not wash her hand for three weeks because Fabio had kissed it.
8. Delighted by his arachnoids abilities which he had just discovered, Spiderman went on the Web to tell his friend.
9. To prevent Lois discovering his true identity, Clark told her that he was afraid of heights.
10. A mouse scampered across the floor, stopped to stare at the cat in the chair, and then disappeared into a crack in the wall.

11.1
1.F 2.CS 3.F 4.correct 5.CS 6. CS 7. F 8. C 9. F 10. CS

12.1
In “The Thin Grey Line,” Marya Mannes says that the difference between right and wrong is becoming blurred. She writes that today’s society is losing its moral fiber. I agree with many of the points that Mannes makes.
One point I agree with is that the parents of today’s children cross the “thin grey line” many times a day. When I was a child, my parents used to hide my brother and me oh the floor of our Pinto so they would not have to pay for us when we went to drive-in movies. And when I was too old for a Kid’s Meal at McDonald’s, they would lie and get me one anyway. As I grew older, these things did not seem wrong to me. I thought that as long as I didn’t get caught there was nothing wrong.
Mannes also writes, “Your son’s friend admitted cheating at exams because ‘everybody did it.’” I have to admit that I also have cheated on an exam or two and that many people I know have done the same. In the eleventh grade a student I knew managed to get a copy of the exam we were supposed to take the next day. He then proceeded to distribute it to his friends, and no one ever was caught. Did we all learn a lesson? We sure did. We learned how easy it was to cheat.
All in all, the morality of the nation is headed in the wrong direction. And if this generation is bad, what will the next gene ration be like? Mannes’s solution is a good one. We used to be a moral nation, and we can be on again if we educate people. We should start with the children before they become corrupt in their thinking.

12.2
1. The Queen of Hearts invited Alice to play croquet.
2. The posse captured the Daltons and the Clantons.
3. The coach had trained Mario the marathon for six months.
4. Janet’s parents did not allow Janet to watch the movie because she did not complete her homework yet.
5. The government inoculated members of the army for scarlet fever.
6. Security guards checked Airline passengers routinely to make sure no one was carrying weapons on board.
7. Norman Rockwell painted many scenes of American life in the 1950s.
8. Many people consider fireworks dangerous and many cities have outlawed them.
9. Publishers rejected Emily Dickinson’s poems many times.
10. Douglas and Jaime watched the Harry potter movies numerous times.
11. (The sentence was already use the active voice)
12. Everyone who has been invited to the picnic hopes for blue skies and warm weather.
13. Darnell is studying to be a doctor even though he does not know how to pay his tuition.
14. Herman started to worry when someone told him that he saw wasps flying into his room.
15. Six worried zookeepers chased a llama and an aardvark from one end of the park to the other.

13.1
1. has, 2. Do, 3. keep, 4. was, 5. was 6. costs 7. is 8. are 9. has 10. visits 11. work 12. seems 13. has 14. is 15. was

13.2
1. has 2. was 3. correct 4. was 5. have 6. sends 7. crosses 8. correct 9. apply 10. stand 11. was 12. helps 13. correct 14. thinks 15. has

16.1
1. (Dangling) Pulling quickly over to the curb, the horseman saw the drugstore appear to open.
2. (Misplaced)The painting that had been stolen from the museum was found in a pawnshop.
3. (Misplaced) Amber decided to study only after she had received poor grades on her first and two test.
4. (Misplaced) Julissa, whistling under her breath, walked her dogs down the street and into the park.
5. (Dangling) Because frustrated by his poor performance, the runners clenched his fists very tightly.
6. (Misplaced) The dog groomer put the collie with the shaggy tail on the table and began to clip its fur.
7. (Misplaced) After eating almost three strawberry pies, Oscar felt a bit woozy.
8. (Dangling) Bonnie and Clyde held hands slowly and admired the sunset when the sun was sinking toward the horizon.
9. (Misplaced) Butch Cassidy riding his favorite horse pulled out the pistol and shot at a coyote.
10. (Dangling) After robbing dozens of trains, Jesse James finally found he was lucky.
11. (Misplaced) Sara Lee finally decided to serve the dessert that she had been keeping in the refrigerator to her guests.
12. (Misplaced) The doctor performing the autopsy recorded her findings carefully.
13. (Dangling) As I crossed the avenue, the light changed from green to red too quickly.
14. (Misplaced) The SWAT team captured only one of the escaped convicts.
15. (Dangling and Misplaced modifiers) While my sister camped in the desert, a snake with a triangular head crawled next to her.

22.1
1. It is raining, so all games are cancelled.
2. In modern day, no one should ever be homeless.
3. The car was weaving in and out of traffic a few seconds before it hit the pedestrian.
4. Please remain seated until the plane comes to a complete stop.
5. We ascended up the stirs until we descended down on the elevator.
6. Randy’s new teak desk was very expensive, but he needed to but it for growing his business.
7. The death penalty is unfair for the poor, because they cannot offer to hire expensive attorneys to fight with it.
8. He must think the earth is flat.
9. You know only the fundamentals of the game, so don’t become overconfident..
10. I remember what my hometown looked like.

22.2
1. The promise of freedom in America has attracted many immigrants.
2. Three people were standing under the awning.
3. Sometimes lying is necessary to protect innocent people.
4. The child wishes Santa to give him a bicycle.
5. Joh’s loyalty makes me favorable toward him.
6. Few people support a woman’s right to choose their intimate partners.
7. Reason is better than knowledge.
8. Many people experience meditation and relaxation of music.
9. We regret to decide to terminate your employment.
10. Aside from family conflict, Faulkner also examines racial conflict.


Expand and Condense Sentences
參考答案
P. 1 (Expanding)
1. The little bear ate its delicious food satisfyingly.
2. The brown bear yawned contagiously.
3. I was late only for some special reasons.
4. I am young enough to stay up all night.

P. 1 (Condensing)
1. The policeman was bitten on the kneecap by a midget.
2. Sloppy Joe’s Restaurant serves excellent food.
3. The summer McNutt suffered from malaria.
4. She slapped me because I pinched her.
5. Our gymnasium was fifty feet by thirty feet.

P. 2 (using similes and metaphors)
1. Hank had a nose like a cherry.
2. Our Constitution was strong. It was a fortress to protect human rights.
3. My room was so small that I slept with my head out of the window.
4. The snow was so deep that the mailman dropped letters into chimneys.

A. Practice
1. 刪去 small, little
2. 刪去 to eat
3. That summer McNutt suffered from malaria.
4. She slapped me because I pinched her.
5. Our gymnasium was indeed very small, measuring fifty feet by thirty feet. (或Our gymnasium was indeed fifty feet by thirty feet.)
6. The novels of Thomas Hardy often rely on coincidences.
7. correct

Practice
The tired woman held a thick book in her left hand, waiting for her ride in the parking lot. Finally a small, blue car stopped next to her. When she opened the door to the car, a white poodle jumped out quickly, ran into the parking lot, and disappeared between the parked cars.

Overall Practice:
In “We Grew So Big,” Michael D. Lemonick says up to 40% of Asians suffered undernutrition 25 years ago. The United Nations estimated, however, economy development in Asia makes people get into habit of eating exceeding their health. Modernization takes exercise space and introduces fat laden foods to a new generation. It leads them to be dramatically obese.

1.10
1. The sleek dolphins leaped out of the water in long and graceful arcs.
2. The green ugly monster walked out of the black lagoon slowly.
3. A fat and white goose with a mean look in its eye waddled toward the unsuspecting tourist.
4. The ferocious dog with three head and the tail of a serpent guarded the entrance to the underworld.
5. The crude and vulgar singer named himself after a popular brand of candy.

1.11
1. The new mystery novel was about a violent murder who was in St. Patrick’s Cathedral, New York City.
2. The newspapers in almost every city prominently carried the murder story on the front pages.
3. The basketball game for the state championship was held in the gym of a small town on the banks of a wide, muddy river.
4. The sold out game between one team from a small town and another from a large city was held on a Saturday afternoon.
5. When the team from the small town won, the surprised town held a big parade in celebration of the players.

1.12
1. I loaded my homemade rifle, cocked the spring, and waited on the steps of the porch.
2. When I came into the house my mother told me reproachfully that she had seen from the kitchen window the suffering I had caused.
3. Bill Jacobus’s father, to help combat the wartime food shortage and to supplement rationing, had built a chicken coop in his backyard.
4. Just possibly, she might be the wisest woman on this planet.
5. I got thinking one day about all those women on the Titanic (斜體) who passed up dessert at dinner that fateful night in an effort to “cut back.”
6. We live on a sparse diet of promises we make to ourselves when all the conditions are perfect.
7. The days get shorter and the list of promises to ourselves gets longer.
8. It’s just that I might as well apply it directly to my hips with a spatula and eliminate the digestive process.
9. On top of Mount Ritter, 13,000 feet above sea level, I was entranced at the sight of the orange-red sun as it peeked over the glistening peaks far off in the east.
10. Cumulous clouds appeared transparent as the glowed bright red in the morning glory.